The Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Controversy - 2546 Words

Embryonic Stem Cell Controversy â€Å"I truly believe that stem cell research is going to allow our children to look at Alzheimer’s and diabetes and other major diseases the way we look at polio today, which is a preventable disease† (Solomon). Susan Solomon has founded the New York Stem Cell Foundation and has been seen as the hero for stem cell scientists around the world. Over the past couple years, stem cell research has been at its high; scientists all over the world are using these cells to try to find new ways to cure life threatening diseases. Some have used stem cells to treat patients who have been brain dead recently and these cells made the dead portion of the brain start functioning again. Also, some scientists and doctors have†¦show more content†¦The members of the Catholic Church and many Catholics, oppose the use of embryonic stem cells because it means destroying an innocent human being at any stage in its life. Although they do not oppose the research as a whole, they believe this can further humankind and can save millions of lives. The Catholic Church does encourage scientists and other researchers to continue their experimentations with the use of other sources of stem cells, like adult stem cells, for example. In 2001, President Bush emphasized â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research offers both great promise and great peril. So I have decided we must proceed with great care† (Bush). This decision not only halted the research but it forced new scientists and researchers to find new ways to use stem cells in an ethical way or they were basically forced out of the country to finish their progress. But in 2009, President Obama lifted this ban for stem cell research that Bush implemented. Although there is an amendment, the Dickey-Wicker Amendment, that still blocks funding for stem cell research that has to do with embryos. Along with Bush’s’ statement, the amendment pressured stem cell researchers to find new ways to get cells that are as pluripotent as the embryonic stem cells that come from the newly fertilized embryos. But the real question is how is the use of embryonic

A Interview On Interview Etiquette - 1159 Words

Interview etiquette begins as soon as your schedule the interview. In the time leading up to the interview, do your research! Find out as much as possible about the company. An excellent place to begin learning about the company is its website. On the website, you can usually learn about the company’s history, mission, leaders, current projects or promotions, size and much more information. Search reviews about the company to know how customers and employees feel about the company. Learning as much information as possible will help you produce solid questions for the interviewer. If you ask a simple question that can be answer by looking on the website, the interviewer will know that you did not research the company. Showing that†¦show more content†¦Upon arrival, turn off you cell phone and other gadget that makes noise. Enter the building and greet the person who welcomes you with kindness and a smile. The first person you meet is your first, first impress ion. Friedman states that most likely whomever you first encounter will report back his or her impression of you to the interviewer (Smith). The old saying, â€Å"You only get to make one first impression,† states the importance of making a stellar first impression. In an interview, you get approximately 30 seconds to make a good first impression (Mitchell). When you meet the interviewer, with great enthusiasm, smile and reach out to shake the interviewer’s hand. Use your right hand and make sure it is not dripping with sweat. The position of your hand during the reach should have you palm slightly up so when the interviewer grabs you hand, his or her hand slightly covers yours. Mark Bowen, author of Winning Body Language, claims this type of hand shake is a sign that you are giving the interviewer status (Ordona). While shaking hands, introduce yourself with your first and last name. Maintain constant eye contact and keep smiling while the first exchanges of conversation occur. If the interviewer offers you a drink, politely decline. Having a drink nearby opens the door for an accidental spill. Dr inking during an interviewer is

Bachelor of Nursing Multidisciplinary Healthcare

Question: Discuss about theBachelor of Nursingfor Multidisciplinary Healthcare. Answer: Multidisciplinary Healthcare Perspectives Multidisciplinary patient care is the integrated team-based approach to the healthcare system and includes treatment planning and options by collaborative processes with the allied healthcare and medical professionals. In such cases, the delivery of care and the patient-specific treatment plans become a shared responsibility and along with that comes the ethical dilemmas and legal conflicts between the involved stakeholders. Most of the ethical and clinical decisions are made between the physician and his patient, however, for chronic or complex medical problems, multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals comes together to perform an interdisciplinary patient care that often results in interprofessional arguments (McKinney et al., 2013). This assignment will discuss the various aspects of a case where there has been an ethical and legal conflict between the healthcare professionals. Stakeholders in the Ethical Dilemma In the case study, baby Thomas has been in the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) since his birth where his physical condition is in a poor state and is creating a financial burden on his parents without any significant results. With respect to the poor response to his treatment, the head of the department of anesthesia and ICU has decided to remove the baby from the life support measures as it has proved to be medically futile. This has resulted in a situation of professional and ethical dilemma among the nurses and the physiotherapists who are concerned about the future disabilities of Thomas if he happens to survive. It is evident that babies born within such a short period of gestation have almost 5% chances of survival (Dupont-Thibodeau et al., 2014). Since the 24th week, the critical stages in development initiates and the lungs are not developed enough to handle the breathing process outside the womb. Due to this, Thomas was put into the cardio-respiratory support and cerebra l perfusion and chances of other severe health degradation exists. Although the two stakeholders, namely, the nurse and the physiotherapist are aware of his medical condition, yet they are in a condition of ethical dilemma and they are concerned for the baby. Ethical dilemmas occur whenever there is any discrepancy in the agreement between the medical professionals and the parents of the infant regarding the best course of action for the interest of the infant. It is known that the outcomes of premature delivery can result in lifelong disabilities and can suffer the conditions that are either unacceptable or acceptable by all (Alden et al., 2013). Some of these conditions are cerebral palsy, mental retardation, hearing or vision loss, later psychiatric disorder and learning disabilities. The two stakeholders were well aware of these facts and therefore when Thomas was under the high degree of medical support, there was an ethical dilemma in their conscience as for whether to continue with the aggressive and expensive treatment or withdraw the life s upports. Withholding of the care escalation can result in prevention of the physician and parental anxiety and lessen the suffering and pain of the infant (Doherty Purtilo, 2015). However, it can also create a guilt feeling in the minds of the medical professionals as letting the infant die even when there is a possibility of survival. Therefore, the recommendations for the withholding or withdrawal of treatment by the physicians are often disagreed upon by the parents as they do not want their loved ones to die. Here, an interprofessional argument is clearly visible between the nurse, social worker and the physiotherapist and the other stakeholders namely the head of the ICU and head of the finance department. The former group is concerned about considering the wish of the parents to be taken into account while the later is more concerned about the medical and financial aspects of the organization. This led to the growth of an ethical dilemma. It is the duty of the nurses and the physiotherapist to move the health condition of the patients from worse to better rather than letting them die (Larcher et al., 2015). The parents of baby Thomas were also not well prepared for the high possibility that their baby might not survive and are very distressed on the decision of withdrawing treatment. In addition, there might have been a possibility of a dilemma in the minds of the parents that according to the medical science, they are going to lose their child. Therefore, it will be a waste of money to continue the expensive treatment. However, the parents love for their child have caused them to contact the media for drawing attention towards the plight of their baby for his survival in spite of the low chances of such a happening. This factor has also contributed to the rise of the ethical dilemma among the nurse and the physiotherapist regarding the withdrawal of treatment for baby Thomas. Ethical and Legal Conflicts Dignity and Rights of the Stakeholders In the neonatal and fatal medicine, several stages are found that involves decision making by the stakeholders based on the ethical theories for determining whether the baby should live or should be left to die. The ethical theories and principles should not be isolated if they happen to leave a difference in the practice by the stakeholders of healthcare. Therefore, it becomes essential that the legal, social and medical frameworks for the critical care decisions have to be well understood that are related with before and after birth situations (McSherry, 2016). The dignity and rights of the stakeholders play a crucial role in the decision making process and the NICU and it also leads to interprofessional conflicts. They, being the healthcare professionals help the parents of such babies to act and feel normal in the difficult environment of the NICU while few other stakeholders try to be hardcore professionals to achieve organizational goals. Achieving the decision making through a collaborative approach should be based on the ethical theories and the relationship between the parties (Kavanaugh et al., 2015). The dignity and rights of the shareholders help in the process of shared decision making with respect to the medical context. It is a common occurrence that the perspectives of the parents of the infant contrast with that of the healthcare stakeholders as they ignore the ethical theories and focus on the illness of the patient based on their expectations, experience and knowledge (Faden et al., 2013). It is evident that the parents are more positive in such difficult situations compared to the stakeholders who are more concerned about the future of the premature baby who is more prone to develop disabilities. Therefore, the right and dignity of the stakeholders have a crucial role to play in decision making considering the interest of the parents along with the patient. Principles and Virtues of Healthcare Ethics The principles and virtues of healthcare ethics that informs the professional practice involve the principles of healthcare ethics in context to the Australian regulation. The legal principle of the country states that all the decisions taken by the healthcare professionals regarding the treatment of the premature newborn should be based on the best interest of the child. It is entirely a clinical judgment whether or not the resuscitation should be provided (James, Nelson Ashwill, 2014). There are three ethical principles that related to the decision making and states that the decisions of the stakeholders should be depended on the best available evidence considering the prognosis of the newborns in the existing situation (Health.gov.au, 2016). The prognostic factors of Thomas were all degrading and none of them were in favor of the baby. Therefore, decision making considering the prognostic factors states that the survival chances are minimal and the life supports should be withdra wn. The second principle states that the wishes of the parents should be sought about resuscitation in case of survival or death with severe morbidity (Health.gov.au, 2016). Since the head of the anesthesia and ICU department along with the support of the head of the finance department did not consider the wish of the parents for continuing life supports, therefore the principle has been conflicted in this case along with interprofessional arguments. The third principle again states that if the parents feel that resuscitation is not going to help their child, they can opt for withdrawal of life-sustaining measures and go for comfort care (Health.gov.au, 2016). Again, this principle was conflicted since the opinion of the parents were not taken into account and the stakeholders decided to discontinue the life sustaining measures on the best interests of the child along with the NICU without consulting the parents. Relevant Codes of Ethics and Professional Conduct It is evident that about two-thirds of the babies who are born at the 24th week of gestation in Australia who are admitted to NICU do not suffer from health complications and survive to return home. On the contrary, about one third of the babies are prone to develop disabilities and therefore codes of ethics and professional conducts have been framed by the department of health for increasing the survival rates of the babies (Leuthner, 2014). According to the Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guideline laid down by the department of health of Queensland, Australia, honest and open communication between the healthcare team and the parents is the cornerstone of care provision and ethical decision making (Health.qld.gov.au, 2016). According to the Australian case law, the withdrawal of the interventions that are life sustaining should be carried out in consultation with the parents and other family members in accordance with the codes of professional conduct (Kemh.health.wa.gov.au, 2016). Respect and dignity should be provided to the parents and the baby for relieving the sufferings with support for the bereavement. These principles were not followed in case of baby Thomas that led to interprofessional conflicts and ethical dilemma among the healthcare stakeholder groups. Legal and Ethical Resolution Considering all the codes and principles of ethics and professional conduct discussed in the assignment, a legally and ethically defensible resolution can be proposed for resolving the interprofessional conflicts and the ethical dilemma. According to the clinical guidelines by the government of Australia, the decisions for critical care for the infant raise lots of critical issues (Forrester Griffiths, 2014). Therefore, in accordance with the legal and ethical principle, the best interest of Thomas have to be taken into account as it has been observed in several cases that continuation of life-sustaining interventions has resulted in irremediable sufferings for the baby and ethical obligations cannot be imposed to continue life under such circumstances. Acknowledgment of death should also be considered as a part of life when the continuation of treatment becomes medically futile. For baby Thomas, a similar condition has arrived where the baby is no longer in a stage to return to nor mal condition and even if he survives, he will be living with lifelong disabilities. Since the Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine does not support the concept of euthanasia, therefore such an intervention has to be provided to Thomas that will relieve him of the pain even if it shortens his life as it is lawful and morally acceptable (Anzspm.org.au, 2016). This decision should be taken as a joint decision and would help to resolve the interprofessional conflicts and arguments between the different stakeholders of the NICU. A family-centered approach has to be undertaken that will consider the best interests of the family as well along with the baby and views of the different stakeholders have to be considered that will acknowledge the various responsibilities of the different stakeholders (Hagger, Ellis Strumidlo, 2016). If the parents raise objections to this collaborative decision making, their views have to be considered prior to withdrawal of life-support ing interventions. It can be concluded by stating that interprofessional collaboration is very much essential in cases of premature delivery and when the infant is in NICU. This is also a moment of crisis for the parents as well as they are exhausted, vulnerable and frightened and ethically, their decision should be respected since they have to live with their decision for the rest of their lives. Therefore, the stakeholders should not suffer from ethical dilemma due to the abrupt decision making by other stakeholders of the organization and everyone should abide by the code of ethics and professional conduct of Australia while making decisions for continuing or withdrawing the life-supporting interventions for baby Thomas. References Alden, K. R., Lowdermilk, D. L., Cashion, M. C., Perry, S. E. (2013).Maternity and women's health care. Elsevier Health Sciences. ANZSPM - Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine. (2016).Anzspm.org.au. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.anzspm.org.au/c/anzspm Clinical Guidelines - Health Professionals - Women and Newborn Health Service. (2016).Kemh.health.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/development/manuals/ Department of Health | login page. (2016).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ Doherty, R. F., Purtilo, R. B. (2015).Ethical dimensions in the health professions. Elsevier Health Sciences. Dupont-Thibodeau, A., Barrington, K. J., Farlow, B., Janvier, A. (2014). End-of-life decisions for extremely low-gestational-age infants: why simple rules for complicated decisions should be avoided. InSeminars in perinatology(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 31-37). WB Saunders. Faden, R. R., Kass, N. E., Goodman, S. N., Pronovost, P., Tunis, S., Beauchamp, T. L. (2013). An ethics framework for a learning health care system: a departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics.Hastings Center Report,43(s1), S16-S27. Forrester, K., Griffiths, D. (2014).Essentials of law for health professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hagger, V., Ellis, C., Strumidlo, L. (2016). Legal and ethical issues in neonatal nursing: a case study.Nursing Standard,30(44), 48-53. James, S. R., Nelson, K., Ashwill, J. (2014).Nursing care of children: Principles and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kavanaugh, K., Roscigno, C. I., Swanson, K. M., Savage, T. A., Kimura, R. E., Kilpatrick, S. J. (2015). Perinatal palliative care: Parent perceptions of caring in interactions surrounding counseling for risk of delivering an extremely premature infant.Palliative supportive care,13(2), 145. Larcher, V., Craig, F., Bhogal, K., Wilkinson, D., Brierley, J. (2015). Making decisions to limit treatment in life-limiting and life-threatening conditions in children: a framework for practice.Archives of disease in childhood,100(Suppl 2), s1-s23. Leuthner, S. R. (2014). Borderline viability: controversies in caring for the extremely premature infant.Clinics in perinatology,41(4), 799-814. Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines - Queensland Clinical Guidelines. (2016).Health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/html/publications.asp McKinney, E. S., Murray, S. S., James, S. R., Nelson, K. (2013).Maternal-child nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. McSherry, W. (2016). Reintegrating spirituality and dignity in nursing and healthcare: a relational model of practice.Stories of Dignity within Healthcare: Research, narratives and theories.

Education and Individuality Essay Example

Education and Individuality Essay Tien Duong Professor Grimland English 1302 21 October 2010 Paper #2: Individuality Individuality is the particularly character, or aggregate of qualities, that distinguishes one person or thing from others; sole and personal nature. Everyone has the right to individuality and express one’s personality. We all make personal choices which create the unique character that we carry. Therefore, if public school system enforces students to wear school uniforms, it infringes on our rights and is a wrong use of authority. So why should school districts try to make students look the same? Individuality is the way a person expresses their personality to others. Using contradictions in a sensitizing concept in the article â€Å"School Uniforms in Post-Scarcity Japan†, Tamura Yuichi identifies that â€Å"several emerging cultural themes such as individuality and human fights that became incongruent with the uniformity of student appearance prescribed by dress codes. This Japanese case study suggests that in times of post-scarcity in which economic affluence permits wide participation in the culture of individualism and consumerism, a new educational paradigm that emphasizes individuality emerges, and schools management of youth lifestyles may shift toward deregulation and permissiveness. † Many opponents contend that school uniforms do not work well due to the infringement of freedom of speech for young adolescents. Many school districts in the US concern over the school’s ability to respect individual differences for all young people. We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Individuality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Individuality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Individuality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Educators argue that an academic program encourages students to pursue individual thought is more important than what they wear. Most of them conquer creativity and self expression, forcing students to adapt. Each and every one of these students should be able to feel free to wear whatever they wish to wear rather than preventing them from expressing themselves in any way they would like. It could be by fashion, personality, creativity, or freedom of wardrobe. Each and every one of us should not be banned from wearing various clothing to school. Today, most debates still show that grades of students in school do not differentiate between schools which enforce uniforms those which do not. The stress on a uniform dress code in school opposes the spirit of unity in diversity and its celebration. Public school systems who enforce students to wear uniforms have also claimed to restrict socialization, a vital aspect of human nature. Not only does it suppress individuality but more so, issues on affordability are also a conflict for parents who have difficulty providing their children with needs. Most of them expend things from discount stores due to the low affordability they have. As school uniforms prevent the right to individuality and have much conflict on affordability, most parents with mixed cultures think that it also ignores religious and cultural needs. In the article â€Å"School Uniform Revisited†, Damian Carney writes that a school uniform policy infringes a student’s rights to manifest her religion to Article 9. Most schools need to approach the issue of balancing religious rights with other interests in designing their uniform policy. Another article â€Å"What not to wear†, Lieve Gies â€Å"stated a note that asks whether the House of Lords by framing the issue as a matter of individual choice and informed consent may have underestimated the potential of social harm inflicted by a school’s unwillingness to accommodate certain types of religious beliefs where it has already adapted its school uniform rules for others†. It is clear that all schools must respect or be mindful of the religious and cultural needs of others. Besides individuality, another ill effect on the school uniform policy is the comfort of students. Most argue that students are not able to concentrate and learn well while being uncomfortable. Many uniforms that are enforced to public school systems are not as prosperous as their everyday wardrobe they would like to wear. Majority of students in school districts enjoy wearing comfortable clothing to students. Also, school uniforms might make the student uncomfortable around people outside of school who do not have to wear them. Children are deprived from the discomfort, which each one experiences on wearing different type of clothing, fashion, and style, as per individual choice. Many believe that this discomfort might adversely reflect upon the academic performance among each student in any district of public school system. Therefore, school uniforms prevent freedom of self expression, individuality, freedom of wardrobe, affordability, discomfort, and ignorance of religious and cultural needs. If we want comfort, individuality and freedom while cutting down the costs for families, then we should not enforce students to wear school uniforms for those who attend public schools. All this does is take away this form of expression of oneself. We all express ourselves in various ways. Each person is unique in their very own fashion or manner. It may be hard to get students to believe that we are all in a free society when our educational system imposes more rules upon them. So why should we limit our students’ freedom?

Boys Dont Cry1 essays

Boys Dont Cry1 essays During ones existence, new discoveries about ones self tend to occur. One of these discoveries is identity: who we are and what we really want to be. Teena Brandon, a.k.a. Brandon Teena, goes through this tough time in the movie Boys Dont Cry. As you will see, self-identity is not an easy thing to figure out. In the movie Boys Dont Cry, Teena Brandon was born a girl. As she grew older she changed. She felt as if she was really to be a guy. She proceeded to make herself look like a male by cutting her hair shorter, wrapping an ace bandage tightly around her breasts, and putting a sock in her groin area. Everyone she met saw and believed she was a guy. No one knew the truth. She then got mixed in with a new group of people and fell in love with a female named Lana. She gets very close to Lana. During this John and Tom, who are friends of Lana and her mother discover who Brandon really was. They proceeded to rape and beat her. Then they later killed her after they found out she reported the rape to the police. The movie does a very good job of exploring identity. It does it by showing how difficult it is for some people to figure out what and who they are and the pain they go through. For instance, Brandon got along with John, Tom, Candace and Lanas mom in the beginning. They accepted her when they thought she was a he. When they found out that he was really a she, they despised her and called her a lesbian and a freak. It also does a good job of showing how Lana was also confused about who she was. Lana became very attached to Brandon. Even after she found out that Brandon was a girl, she still felt the same love. This is why many people who are confused about their identity keep it inside because theyre scared of what people will think and what people will do to them. It is a very frustrating but at the same time helpful process. Identity can be a struggle for not only th...

The effectiveness of the budgetary control system in 'Cleaning For Essay

The effectiveness of the budgetary control system in 'Cleaning For London' - Essay Example It will include illustrating and evaluating the role of budgetary control in support to internal planning and decision making. It aims to create an effective budgetary control system for its operations, to identify cost behaviours and to propose a suitable recommendation for improvement. Budget is a quantitative financial plan of operations. It identifies the resources needed in order to accomplish the organisation’s goals and objectives. It contains detailed plans and policies to be pursued in a future accounting period. It is continuous where one updates the budget for the year at the end of each month or each quarter. A continuous budget remains more relevant and more current. As a service company, â€Å"Cleaning Services for London† the operating budget includes purchase budget, human resources budget and sales budget. One of the major facets of budgeting is cost control. Budgets are the key to cost control. The purpose of budgetary control is to help master the financial aspects of the company’s operations and solve problems before they occur. Financial control is exercised by managers in preparing budgets for revenues and expenditures of an organisation in advance. Budgetary control facilitates the management and allocation of resources and funds in operating the business to achieve desired outcomes or to provide basis for revision of business objectives and plans. The activities of the company are categorized into two – revenue generators and cost drivers. These main activities summarise the operations of the company in financial terms where revenue generators are cash inflow of the company while cost drivers are expenses incurred in the operation of the business. The company utilises a simple budget system in line with a business plan for one year. The manager who is responsible for the financial, marketing, administrative and operational matters uses cash flow forecasts as basis

The need for a consistent nation wide policy to ensure quality early Thesis - 1

The need for a consistent nation wide policy to ensure quality early childhood education to close the achievement gap - Thesis Example This paper therefore proposes a nationwide policy for early childhood care and education reform that is informed by the evidence revealed over the years. Early childhood education and care policies in the US are three dimensional in nature. First, the federal government or state governments may make provision for early childhood care and education either directly or they can offer subsidies or reimbursement relative to partial casts of private education and care. Secondly, state governments may provide child care and/or education to all US children or they may provide support to a specific class of children. Thirdly, the purpose of child care and education may be looked upon as providing for the child’s development or as a means of supporting working parents. In other words, child care and education policies in the US may be seen as either providing a child development service or a support system for working parents (McCartney and Phillips 2006). This part of the paper examines the development of federal legislation and policies relative to early childhood education and early childhood special education by reference to federal legislation from 1965 to the present. The Head Start project is characterized as among President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society’s â€Å"most popular and enduring legacies† (Vinovskis 2005, p. 1). The identification of the â€Å"other America† at the beginning of the 1960s, drew official attention on the fact that approximately one fourth of Americans were decidedly poor and were segregated from â€Å"the mainstream of American culture† (Washington and Bailey 1995, p. 21). Then President John F. Kennedy theorized that preventing poverty among adults necessarily required starting with the child who are receiving welfare on account of parental death, disability, abandonment or parental